1. Teacher Modeling
  • The teacher explains the strategy.
  • The teacher models the strategy.
  • The teacher thinks aloud when reading to show thinking and strategy use.

2. Guided Practice
  • The teacher purposely guides a large-group conversation that engages students in a focused discussion that follows a line of thinking.
  • The teacher and students practice the strategy together in a shared reading context reasoning through the text and co-constructing meaning through discussion.
  • The teacher scaffolds the students' attempts and supports their thinking, giving specific feedback and making sure students understand the task.

3. Collaborative Practice
  • Students share their thinking processes with each other during paired reading and small-group conversations.
  • The teacher moves from group assessing and responding to students' needs.

4. Independent Practice
  • After working with the teacher and with other students, the students try practicing the strategy on their own.
  • The students receive regular feedback from the teacher and other students.

5. Application of the Strategy in Authentic Reading Situations
  • Students use the strategy in authentic reading situations.
  • Students use the strategy in a variety of different genres, settings, contexts, and disciplines. (Fielding and Pearson 1994; adapted by Harvey and Goudvis in 2005a)